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孔夫子舊書網(wǎng)開放平臺(tái)接口實(shí)戰(zhàn):古籍圖書檢索與商鋪數(shù)據(jù)集成

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孔夫子舊書網(wǎng)作為國內(nèi)核心的舊書交易與古籍?dāng)?shù)據(jù)平臺(tái),其開放接口承載著古籍、善本、舊書等特色商品的元數(shù)據(jù)獲取功能 —— 不同于普通電商接口,其數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)包含 “年代”“品相”“版本” 等古籍專屬字段,且對(duì)調(diào)用頻率與簽名合規(guī)性要求嚴(yán)格。本文從實(shí)戰(zhàn)角度拆解接口調(diào)用全流程,覆蓋認(rèn)證簽名、古籍檢索、商鋪集成、特色數(shù)據(jù)處理四大核心場景,提供可直接復(fù)用的 Python 代碼與避坑指南,助力古籍?dāng)?shù)字化、學(xué)術(shù)研究、舊書商管理等業(yè)務(wù)快速落地。


一、接口調(diào)用前置準(zhǔn)備(聚焦古籍特色)


1. 核心參數(shù)與接口規(guī)范(必知要點(diǎn))

調(diào)用孔夫子接口前需明確基礎(chǔ)參數(shù)與平臺(tái)限制,尤其關(guān)注古籍專屬字段的配置要求:


參數(shù)類別具體項(xiàng)說明是否必選
認(rèn)證參數(shù)appKey平臺(tái)分配的應(yīng)用唯一標(biāo)識(shí)(注冊(cè)后在開放平臺(tái)獲?。?/td>
appSecret簽名密鑰(需妥善保管,建議通過環(huán)境變量存儲(chǔ),避免硬編碼)
timestamp毫秒級(jí)時(shí)間戳(與平臺(tái)服務(wù)器時(shí)間偏差≤5 分鐘,否則簽名失效)
signature按平臺(tái)規(guī)則生成的簽名字符串(MD5 加密,32 位小寫)
古籍檢索專屬參數(shù)era年代(如 “清代”“民國”“明代”,普通電商接口無此字段)
bookCondition品相編碼(1 = 全新→8 = 八五品以下,古籍業(yè)務(wù)核心篩選條件)
categoryId古籍分類 ID(如 “經(jīng)部”“史部”,需從/v2/categories接口獲?。?/td>
通用控制參數(shù)page/pageSize分頁參數(shù)(pageSize 最大 20,超限會(huì)被截?cái)啵?/td>
sort排序方式(支持price_asc/publish_time_desc,古籍常用 “年代倒序”)

2. 核心接口列表(按業(yè)務(wù)場景分類)


接口名稱接口地址核心功能適用場景
圖書檢索/v2/books/search按關(guān)鍵詞、作者、年代、品相檢索古籍 / 舊書古籍批量篩選、學(xué)術(shù)樣本采集
圖書詳情/v2/books/detail獲取單本圖書的詳細(xì)元數(shù)據(jù)(含版本、頁數(shù)、描述)古籍詳情展示、數(shù)字化存檔
商鋪檢索/v2/shops/search按地域、主營類目檢索舊書商鋪商鋪合作篩選、多店比價(jià)
商鋪詳情/v2/shops/detail獲取商鋪信息 + 在售商品列表(支持指定商品數(shù)量)商鋪數(shù)據(jù)集成、貨源監(jiān)控
分類列表/v2/categories獲取圖書分類體系(含古籍專屬類目)類目篩選條件構(gòu)造、業(yè)務(wù)分類管理

3. 簽名生成規(guī)則(避坑核心步驟)

孔夫子采用 “參數(shù)排序 + MD5 加密” 的簽名機(jī)制,任一環(huán)節(jié)錯(cuò)誤會(huì)直接返回401認(rèn)證失敗,步驟如下:

  1. 參數(shù)過濾:移除空值參數(shù)與signature本身,保留非空的業(yè)務(wù)參數(shù)與公共參數(shù);
  2. ASCII 排序:按參數(shù)名 ASCII 碼升序排序(如appKey在bookCondition前,era在timestamp前);
  3. 字符串拼接:按key=value&key=value格式拼接排序后的參數(shù)(例:appKey=xxx&era=清代×tamp=1719000000000);
  4. 密鑰追加:在拼接字符串末尾直接追加appSecret(無分隔符,例:上述字符串 +abc123def);
  5. MD5 加密:對(duì)最終字符串進(jìn)行 UTF-8 編碼后,通過 MD5 加密生成 32 位小寫字符串,即為signature。

二、核心技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)(突出古籍特色處理)


1. 通用認(rèn)證工具類(適配全接口)

封裝簽名生成與時(shí)間戳獲取邏輯,支持所有接口復(fù)用,避免重復(fù)開發(fā):


import hashlibimport timefrom urllib.parse import urlencodeclass KongfzAuthUtil:    """孔夫子開放平臺(tái)認(rèn)證工具類(支持所有接口簽名生成)"""        @staticmethod    def generate_sign(params: dict, app_secret: str) -> str:        """        生成簽名(嚴(yán)格遵循孔夫子MD5簽名規(guī)則)        :param params: 待簽名參數(shù)字典(含公共參數(shù)與業(yè)務(wù)參數(shù))        :param app_secret: 應(yīng)用密鑰        :return: 32位小寫簽名字符串(None表示生成失?。?       """        try:            # 1. 過濾空值與signature字段            valid_params = {                k: v for k, v in params.items()                 if v is not None and v != "" and k != "signature"            }            # 2. 按參數(shù)名ASCII升序排序            sorted_params = sorted(valid_params.items(), key=lambda x: x[0])            # 3. 拼接"key=value&key=value"格式            param_str = urlencode(sorted_params)            # 4. 追加appSecret并MD5加密            sign_str = f"{param_str}{app_secret}"            sign = hashlib.md5(sign_str.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest().lower()            return sign        except Exception as e:            print(f"簽名生成失?。簕str(e)}")            return None        @staticmethod    def get_timestamp() -> int:        """獲取當(dāng)前毫秒級(jí)時(shí)間戳(避免與平臺(tái)時(shí)間偏差超限)"""        return int(time.time() * 1000)

2. 古籍圖書接口客戶端(專屬字段解析)

針對(duì)古籍的 “年代”“品相”“版本” 字段做專項(xiàng)解析,輸出結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù),減少業(yè)務(wù)端處理成本:


import requestsimport timefrom threading import Lockfrom datetime import datetimefrom typing import Dict, List, Optionalclass KongfzBookClient:    """孔夫子古籍圖書接口客戶端(含古籍特色字段解析)"""        def __init__(self, app_key: str, app_secret: str):        self.app_key = app_key        self.app_secret = app_secret        self.base_url = "https://open.kongfz.com/api"        self.timeout = 15  # 超時(shí)時(shí)間(秒,古籍?dāng)?shù)據(jù)可能較大,建議設(shè)15-20秒)        self.qps_limit = 3  # 平臺(tái)QPS限制(單應(yīng)用最大3,超限返回429)        self.last_request_time = 0        self.request_lock = Lock()  # 線程鎖控制QPS        def _get_common_params(self) -> Dict:        """生成所有接口通用的公共參數(shù)"""        return {            "appKey": self.app_key,            "timestamp": KongfzAuthUtil.get_timestamp(),            "format": "json"  # 固定返回JSON格式        }        def _control_qps(self) -> None:        """QPS限流(避免觸發(fā)429錯(cuò)誤,核心優(yōu)化點(diǎn))"""        with self.request_lock:            current_time = time.time()            min_interval = 1.0 / self.qps_limit  # 最小請(qǐng)求間隔(≈0.33秒)            elapsed = current_time - self.last_request_time            if elapsed < min_interval:                time.sleep(min_interval - elapsed)  # 補(bǔ)全間隔            self.last_request_time = current_time        def search_ancient_books(self, **kwargs) -> Optional[Dict]:        """        古籍專屬檢索(支持年代、品相、類目篩選)        :param kwargs: 檢索參數(shù)(含era、bookCondition、keyword等)        :return: 結(jié)構(gòu)化檢索結(jié)果(含分頁信息+古籍列表)        """        self._control_qps()                # 1. 構(gòu)造請(qǐng)求URL與參數(shù)        url = f"{self.base_url}/v2/books/search"        params = self._get_common_params()                # 篩選有效業(yè)務(wù)參數(shù)(僅保留接口支持的字段)        valid_params = ["keyword", "author", "era", "bookCondition",                        "categoryId", "minPrice", "maxPrice", "page", "pageSize", "sort"]        for param in valid_params:            if param in kwargs and kwargs[param] is not None:                params[param] = kwargs[param]                # 2. 生成簽名        params["signature"] = KongfzAuthUtil.generate_sign(params, self.app_secret)                # 3. 發(fā)送請(qǐng)求并處理響應(yīng)        try:            response = requests.post(                url,                json=params,                headers={                    "Content-Type": "application/json;charset=utf-8",                    "User-Agent": "KongfzAncientBookClient/1.0"                },                timeout=self.timeout            )            response.raise_for_status()  # 捕獲4xx/5xx錯(cuò)誤            result = response.json()                        # 4. 業(yè)務(wù)錯(cuò)誤判斷(code=200為成功)            if result.get("code") != 200:                raise Exception(f"檢索失敗:{result.get('message', '未知錯(cuò)誤')}(code:{result.get('code')})")                        # 5. 解析古籍?dāng)?shù)據(jù)(處理特色字段)            return self._parse_ancient_book_result(result.get("data", {}))                except Exception as e:            print(f"古籍檢索異常:{str(e)}")            return None        def get_book_detail(self, book_id: str) -> Optional[Dict]:        """獲取單本古籍詳情(含版本、內(nèi)容描述、商鋪信息)"""        self._control_qps()                url = f"{self.base_url}/v2/books/detail"        params = self._get_common_params()        params["id"] = book_id        params["signature"] = KongfzAuthUtil.generate_sign(params, self.app_secret)                try:            response = requests.post(                url,                json=params,                headers={"Content-Type": "application/json;charset=utf-8"},                timeout=self.timeout            )            response.raise_for_status()            result = response.json()                        if result.get("code") != 200:                raise Exception(f"詳情獲取失?。簕result.get('message')}(code:{result.get('code')})")                        return self._parse_book_detail(result.get("data", {}))                except Exception as e:            print(f"古籍詳情異常(ID:{book_id}):{str(e)}")            return None        def _parse_ancient_book_result(self, raw_data: Dict) -> Optional[Dict]:        """解析古籍檢索結(jié)果(重點(diǎn)處理年代、品相字段)"""        if not raw_data or "items" not in raw_data:            return None                # 處理分頁信息        search_info = {            "total": raw_data.get("total", 0),            "page": raw_data.get("page", 1),            "page_size": raw_data.get("pageSize", 20),            "total_page": raw_data.get("totalPage", 0)        }                # 解析單本古籍?dāng)?shù)據(jù)        ancient_books = []        for item in raw_data["items"]:            # 品相編碼轉(zhuǎn)描述(如2→九五品,古籍業(yè)務(wù)常用)            book_condition_desc = item.get("bookConditionDesc", "") or self._map_condition_code(item.get("bookCondition", 0))                        ancient_books.append({                "book_id": item.get("id", ""),                "title": item.get("title", ""),                "author": item.get("author", ""),                "era": item.get("era", "未知年代"),  # 古籍核心字段                "book_condition": {                    "code": item.get("bookCondition", 0),                    "desc": book_condition_desc                },                "price": float(item.get("price", 0)),                "publisher": item.get("publisher", "未知出版社"),                "publish_time": item.get("publishTime", "未知時(shí)間"),                "cover_img": self._complete_img_url(item.get("coverImg", "")),                "shop_info": {                    "id": item.get("shopId", ""),                    "name": item.get("shopName", "")                },                "tags": item.get("tags", []),  # 如["儒家經(jīng)典","清代刻本"]                "fetch_time": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")            })                return {"search_info": search_info, "ancient_books": ancient_books}        def _parse_book_detail(self, raw_data: Dict) -> Optional[Dict]:        """解析古籍詳情(含版本、內(nèi)容描述等深度字段)"""        if not raw_data:            return None                return {            "book_id": raw_data.get("id", ""),            "title": raw_data.get("title", ""),            "subtitle": raw_data.get("subtitle", ""),            "author": raw_data.get("author", ""),            "translator": raw_data.get("translator", ""),            "era": raw_data.get("era", "未知年代"),            "version": raw_data.get("edition", "未知版本"),  # 古籍版本(如"清代刻本")            "binding": raw_data.get("binding", "未知裝幀"),  # 裝幀(線裝/平裝,古籍多線裝)            "pages": raw_data.get("pages", 0),  # 頁數(shù)(古籍常用"卷"表述,需業(yè)務(wù)端轉(zhuǎn)換)            "price": float(raw_data.get("price", 0)),            "book_condition": {                "code": raw_data.get("bookCondition", 0),                "desc": raw_data.get("bookConditionDesc", "") or self._map_condition_code(raw_data.get("bookCondition", 0))            },            "description": raw_data.get("description", "無詳細(xì)描述"),  # 古籍保存狀況、瑕疵說明            "content_desc": raw_data.get("contentDesc", "無內(nèi)容簡介"),  # 內(nèi)容摘要(學(xué)術(shù)研究用)            "images": [self._complete_img_url(img) for img in raw_data.get("images", [])],  # 多圖展示            "shop_info": {                "id": raw_data.get("shopId", ""),                "name": raw_data.get("shopName", ""),                "score": float(raw_data.get("shopScore", 0)),                "location": raw_data.get("shopLocation", "未知地域")  # 商鋪所在地(古籍貨源地域分析)            },            "fetch_time": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")        }        def _map_condition_code(self, code: int) -> str:        """品相編碼映射為文字描述(古籍業(yè)務(wù)專屬映射)"""        condition_map = {            1: "全新", 2: "九五品", 3: "九品", 4: "八五品",            5: "八品", 6: "七品", 7: "六品", 8: "八五品以下"        }        return condition_map.get(code, "未知品相")        def _complete_img_url(self, url: str) -> str:        """補(bǔ)全圖片URL(處理相對(duì)路徑,避免404)"""        if not url:            return ""        if url.startswith(("http://", "https://")):            return url        return f"https://img.kongfz.com{url}" if not url.startswith("http://") else f"https:{url}"

3. 商鋪數(shù)據(jù)集成客戶端(含在售古籍獲?。?/h3>

針對(duì)舊書商管理、多店比價(jià)場景,封裝商鋪檢索與詳情接口,支持獲取商鋪在售古籍列表:


class KongfzShopClient:    """孔夫子商鋪接口客戶端(支持在售古籍?dāng)?shù)據(jù)獲?。?""        def __init__(self, app_key: str, app_secret: str):        self.app_key = app_key        self.app_secret = app_secret        self.base_url = "https://open.kongfz.com/api"        self.timeout = 15        self.qps_limit = 3        self.last_request_time = 0        self.request_lock = Lock()        def _get_common_params(self) -> Dict:        return {            "appKey": self.app_key,            "timestamp": KongfzAuthUtil.get_timestamp(),            "format": "json"        }        def _control_qps(self) -> None:        with self.request_lock:            current_time = time.time()            min_interval = 1.0 / self.qps_limit            elapsed = current_time - self.last_request_time            if elapsed < min_interval:                time.sleep(min_interval - elapsed)            self.last_request_time = current_time        def search_shops(self, **kwargs) -> Optional[Dict]:        """檢索舊書商鋪(支持地域、主營類目、評(píng)分篩選)"""        self._control_qps()                url = f"{self.base_url}/v2/shops/search"        params = self._get_common_params()                # 有效商鋪檢索參數(shù)        valid_params = ["keyword", "categoryId", "location", "minScore",                        "minSales", "isVip", "page", "pageSize", "sort"]        for param in valid_params:            if param in kwargs and kwargs[param] is not None:                params[param] = kwargs[param]                params["signature"] = KongfzAuthUtil.generate_sign(params, self.app_secret)                try:            response = requests.post(                url,                json=params,                headers={"Content-Type": "application/json;charset=utf-8"},                timeout=self.timeout            )            response.raise_for_status()            result = response.json()                        if result.get("code") != 200:                raise Exception(f"商鋪檢索失?。簕result.get('message')}(code:{result.get('code')})")                        return self._parse_shop_search_result(result.get("data", {}))                except Exception as e:            print(f"商鋪檢索異常:{str(e)}")            return None        def get_shop_detail(self, shop_id: str, goods_count: int = 5) -> Optional[Dict]:        """獲取商鋪詳情+在售古籍(默認(rèn)返回5件,最大20件)"""        self._control_qps()                url = f"{self.base_url}/v2/shops/detail"        params = self._get_common_params()        params["id"] = shop_id        params["goodsCount"] = min(goods_count, 20)  # 限制最大返回?cái)?shù),避免數(shù)據(jù)過載        params["signature"] = KongfzAuthUtil.generate_sign(params, self.app_secret)                try:            response = requests.post(                url,                json=params,                headers={"Content-Type": "application/json;charset=utf-8"},                timeout=self.timeout            )            response.raise_for_status()            result = response.json()                        if result.get("code") != 200:                raise Exception(f"商鋪詳情失?。簕result.get('message')}(code:{result.get('code')})")                        return self._parse_shop_detail(result.get("data", {}))                except Exception as e:            print(f"商鋪詳情異常(ID:{shop_id}):{str(e)}")            return None        def _parse_shop_search_result(self, raw_data: Dict) -> Optional[Dict]:        """解析商鋪檢索結(jié)果"""        if not raw_data or "items" not in raw_data:            return None                search_info = {            "total": raw_data.get("total", 0),            "page": raw_data.get("page", 1),            "page_size": raw_data.get("pageSize", 20),            "total_page": raw_data.get("totalPage", 0)        }                shops = []        for item in raw_data["items"]:            shops.append({                "shop_id": item.get("id", ""),                "name": item.get("name", ""),                "location": item.get("location", "未知地域"),  # 古籍貨源地域(如"北京潘家園")                "score": float(item.get("score", 0)),  # 商鋪評(píng)分(篩選優(yōu)質(zhì)貨源)                "sales": item.get("sales", 0),  # 總銷量(可信度參考)                "goods_count": item.get("goodsCount", 0),  # 在售商品數(shù)                "is_vip": item.get("isVip", False),  # 是否VIP商鋪(服務(wù)保障更高)                "main_category": item.get("mainCategory", "未知主營"),  # 如"古籍善本"                "fetch_time": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")            })                return {"search_info": search_info, "shops": shops}        def _parse_shop_detail(self, raw_data: Dict) -> Optional[Dict]:        """解析商鋪詳情(含在售古籍列表)"""        if not raw_data:            return None                # 解析在售古籍(僅保留核心字段)        on_sale_books = []        for p in raw_data.get("products", []):            on_sale_books.append({                "book_id": p.get("id", ""),                "title": p.get("title", ""),                "price": float(p.get("price", 0)),                "book_condition": p.get("bookConditionDesc", "未知品相"),                "cover_img": self._complete_img_url(p.get("coverImg", "")),                "publish_time": p.get("publishTime", "未知時(shí)間")            })                return {            "shop_id": raw_data.get("id", ""),            "name": raw_data.get("name", ""),            "logo": self._complete_img_url(raw_data.get("logo", "")),            "location": raw_data.get("location", "未知地域"),            "score": float(raw_data.get("score", 0)),            "score_detail": raw_data.get("scoreDetail", {}),  # 評(píng)分明細(xì)(服務(wù)/物流/描述)            "sales": raw_data.get("sales", 0),            "month_sales": raw_data.get("monthSales", 0),  # 月銷量(近期活躍度)            "goods_count": raw_data.get("goodsCount", 0),            "business_scope": raw_data.get("businessScope", "無經(jīng)營范圍"),  # 如"主營清代古籍、民國期刊"            "on_sale_books": on_sale_books,  # 在售古籍列表            "fetch_time": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")        }        def _complete_img_url(self, url: str) -> str:        """復(fù)用圖片URL補(bǔ)全邏輯"""        if not url:            return ""        if url.startswith(("http://", "https://")):            return url        return f"https://img.kongfz.com{url}" if not url.startswith("http://") else f"https:{url}"

4. 數(shù)據(jù)管理器(緩存 + 批量處理)

針對(duì)古籍?dāng)?shù)據(jù)更新慢、重復(fù)調(diào)用頻繁的特點(diǎn),封裝緩存與批量處理功能,減少接口調(diào)用量:


import osimport jsonimport sqlite3from datetime import datetime, timedeltaimport timeclass KongfzDataManager:    """孔夫子數(shù)據(jù)管理器(支持緩存、批量處理、過期清理)"""        def __init__(self, app_key: str, app_secret: str, cache_dir: str = "./kongfz_cache"):        self.book_client = KongfzBookClient(app_key, app_secret)        self.shop_client = KongfzShopClient(app_key, app_secret)        self.cache_dir = cache_dir        self.db_path = os.path.join(cache_dir, "kongfz_cache.db")        self._init_cache_db()  # 初始化緩存數(shù)據(jù)庫        def _init_cache_db(self) -> None:        """創(chuàng)建圖書、商鋪、搜索結(jié)果緩存表"""        if not os.path.exists(self.cache_dir):            os.makedirs(self.cache_dir)                conn = sqlite3.connect(self.db_path)        cursor = conn.cursor()                # 古籍緩存表(有效期長,因古籍?dāng)?shù)據(jù)變動(dòng)少)        cursor.execute('''        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ancient_book_cache (            book_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,            data TEXT,            fetch_time TEXT        )        ''')                # 搜索結(jié)果緩存表(有效期短,避免數(shù)據(jù)過時(shí))        cursor.execute('''        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS search_cache (            cache_key TEXT PRIMARY KEY,            data TEXT,            fetch_time TEXT,            keyword TEXT        )        ''')                # 商鋪緩存表        cursor.execute('''        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS shop_cache (            shop_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,            data TEXT,            fetch_time TEXT        )        ''')                conn.commit()        conn.close()        def batch_get_ancient_books(self, book_ids: List[str], cache_ttl: int = 86400) -> List[Dict]:        """批量獲取古籍詳情(支持緩存,默認(rèn)緩存1天)"""        books = []        for book_id in book_ids:            # 優(yōu)先從緩存獲取            cached = self._get_cached("ancient_book_cache", book_id, cache_ttl)            if cached:                books.append(cached)                continue            # 緩存未命中,調(diào)用接口            detail = self.book_client.get_book_detail(book_id)            if detail:                books.append(detail)                self._update_cache("ancient_book_cache", book_id, detail)            time.sleep(0.5)  # 額外間隔,避免QPS超限        return books        def search_ancient_books_with_cache(self, keyword: str, cache_ttl: int = 3600, **kwargs) -> Optional[Dict]:        """帶緩存的古籍檢索(搜索結(jié)果緩存1小時(shí))"""        # 生成唯一緩存鍵(含關(guān)鍵詞與分頁參數(shù))        cache_key = self._generate_cache_key(keyword, **kwargs)        # 嘗試緩存獲取        cached = self._get_cached("search_cache", cache_key, cache_ttl)        if cached:            print(f"使用緩存:古籍檢索(關(guān)鍵詞:{keyword},頁碼:{kwargs.get('page',1)})")            return cached        # 接口獲取并更新緩存        result = self.book_client.search_ancient_books(keyword=keyword, **kwargs)        if result:            self._update_cache("search_cache", cache_key, result, keyword=keyword)        return result        def _generate_cache_key(self, keyword: str, **kwargs) -> str:        """生成搜索結(jié)果的唯一緩存鍵(避免重復(fù)緩存)"""        sorted_params = sorted(kwargs.items(), key=lambda x: x[0])        params_str = "&".join([f"{k}={v}" for k, v in sorted_params])        return hashlib.md5(f"ancient_search_{keyword}_{params_str}".encode()).hexdigest()        def _get_cached(self, table: str, key: str, ttl: int) -> Optional[Dict]:        """從緩存表獲取數(shù)據(jù)(校驗(yàn)有效期)"""        conn = sqlite3.connect(self.db_path)        cursor = conn.cursor()                # 圖書/商鋪緩存表的主鍵是xxx_id,搜索緩存表是cache_key        id_col = f"{table[:-6]}_id" if "search" not in table else "cache_key"        cursor.execute(f"SELECT data, fetch_time FROM {table} WHERE {id_col} = ?", (key,))        record = cursor.fetchone()        conn.close()                if not record:            return None                data_str, fetch_time = record        # 檢查是否過期        fetch_dt = datetime.strptime(fetch_time, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")        if (datetime.now() - fetch_dt).total_seconds() > ttl:            return None                try:            return json.loads(data_str)        except json.JSONDecodeError:            return None        def _update_cache(self, table: str, key: str, data: Dict, keyword: str = "") -> None:        """更新緩存表數(shù)據(jù)(插入或替換)"""        conn = sqlite3.connect(self.db_path)        cursor = conn.cursor()                data_str = json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False)        fetch_time = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")        id_col = f"{table[:-6]}_id" if "search" not in table else "cache_key"                if table == "search_cache":            # 搜索緩存需存儲(chǔ)關(guān)鍵詞            cursor.execute(f'''            INSERT OR REPLACE INTO {table} ({id_col}, data, fetch_time, keyword)            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)            ''', (key, data_str, fetch_time, keyword))        else:            cursor.execute(f'''            INSERT OR REPLACE INTO {table} ({id_col}, data, fetch_time)            VALUES (?, ?, ?)            ''', (key, data_str, fetch_time))                conn.commit()        conn.close()        def clean_expired_cache(self, max_age: int = 86400 * 7) -> Dict:        """清理過期緩存(默認(rèn)保留7天數(shù)據(jù))"""        conn = sqlite3.connect(self.db_path)        cursor = conn.cursor()                expire_time = (datetime.now() - timedelta(seconds=max_age)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")        deleted = {}                # 清理古籍緩存        cursor.execute("DELETE FROM ancient_book_cache WHERE fetch_time < ?", (expire_time,))        deleted["ancient_book"] = cursor.rowcount                # 清理搜索緩存        cursor.execute("DELETE FROM search_cache WHERE fetch_time < ?", (expire_time,))        deleted["search"] = cursor.rowcount                # 清理商鋪緩存        cursor.execute("DELETE FROM shop_cache WHERE fetch_time < ?", (expire_time,))        deleted["shop"] = cursor.rowcount                conn.commit()        conn.close()                print(f"緩存清理完成:古籍{deleted['ancient_book']}條,搜索{deleted['search']}條,商鋪{deleted['shop']}條")        return deleted

三、實(shí)戰(zhàn)示例(覆蓋核心業(yè)務(wù)場景)


1. 古籍批量檢索與詳情獲?。▽W(xué)術(shù)研究場景)


def ancient_book_research_demo():    """示例:檢索清代古籍并獲取詳情(學(xué)術(shù)樣本采集)"""    # 1. 替換為自身的appKey和appSecret(從孔夫子開放平臺(tái)獲?。?   APP_KEY = "your_app_key"    APP_SECRET = "your_app_secret"        # 2. 初始化數(shù)據(jù)管理器(含緩存)    data_manager = KongfzDataManager(APP_KEY, APP_SECRET)        # 3. 檢索參數(shù)(清代、九品及以上、關(guān)鍵詞"論語",適合學(xué)術(shù)研究)    search_params = {        "keyword": "論語",        "era": "清代",        "bookCondition": 3,  # 3=九品(學(xué)術(shù)研究對(duì)品相要求較高)        "minPrice": 100,        "maxPrice": 5000,        "page": 1,        "pageSize": 10,        "sort": "publish_time_desc"  # 按出版時(shí)間倒序(優(yōu)先獲取晚期刻本)    }        # 4. 帶緩存檢索(避免重復(fù)調(diào)用)    print("=== 開始檢索清代古籍 ===")    search_result = data_manager.search_ancient_books_with_cache(**search_params)    if not search_result:        print("古籍檢索失敗")        return        # 5. 打印檢索結(jié)果概覽    search_info = search_result["search_info"]    print(f"檢索結(jié)果:共{search_info['total']}本清代論語相關(guān)古籍,第{search_info['page']}/{search_info['total_page']}頁")        # 6. 打印單本古籍信息    for i, book in enumerate(search_result["ancient_books"], 1):        print(f"\n{i}. 書名:{book['title']}")        print(f"   作者:{book['author']} | 年代:{book['era']} | 品相:{book['book_condition']['desc']}")        print(f"   價(jià)格:¥{book['price']} | 商家:{book['shop_info']['name']}")        print(f"   封面:{book['cover_img'][:50]}...")        # 7. 批量獲取前3本古籍的詳細(xì)信息(用于學(xué)術(shù)分析)    if search_result["ancient_books"]:        book_ids = [book["book_id"] for book in search_result["ancient_books"][:3]]        print(f"\n=== 獲取{len(book_ids)}本古籍詳情 ===")        book_details = data_manager.batch_get_ancient_books(book_ids)                for detail in book_details:            print(f"\n書名:{detail['title']}")            print(f"版本:{detail['version']} | 裝幀:{detail['binding']} | 頁數(shù):{detail['pages']}頁")            print(f"內(nèi)容摘要:{detail['content_desc'][:150]}...")  # 打印前150字摘要            print(f"商家信息:{detail['shop_info']['name']}(評(píng)分:{detail['shop_info']['score']})")        # 8. 清理過期緩存(可選)    data_manager.clean_expired_cache()if __name__ == "__main__":    ancient_book_research_demo()

2. 舊書商鋪篩選與在售古籍分析(舊書商貨源場景)


def ancient_shop_analysis_demo():    """示例:篩選北京地區(qū)優(yōu)質(zhì)古籍商鋪并分析在售商品"""    APP_KEY = "your_app_key"    APP_SECRET = "your_app_secret"    data_manager = KongfzDataManager(APP_KEY, APP_SECRET)        # 1. 檢索北京地區(qū)、主營古籍、評(píng)分4.5以上的VIP商鋪    shop_search_params = {        "keyword": "古籍",        "location": "北京",        "minScore": 4.5,        "isVip": 1,  # 1=VIP商鋪(服務(wù)更有保障)        "minSales": 1000,  # 總銷量≥1000(篩選活躍商鋪)        "page": 1,        "pageSize": 5,        "sort": "sales_desc"  # 按銷量排序(優(yōu)先優(yōu)質(zhì)貨源)    }        print("=== 開始篩選北京古籍商鋪 ===")    shop_result = data_manager.shop_client.search_shops(**shop_search_params)    if not shop_result:        print("商鋪篩選失敗")        return        # 2. 打印商鋪列表    print(f"篩選結(jié)果:共{shop_result['search_info']['total']}家符合條件的商鋪")    for i, shop in enumerate(shop_result["shops"], 1):        print(f"\n{i}. 商鋪名稱:{shop['name']}")        print(f"   地域:{shop['location']} | 評(píng)分:{shop['score']} | 銷量:{shop['sales']}單")        print(f"   在售古籍:{shop['goods_count']}本 | VIP:{'是' if shop['is_vip'] else '否'}")        # 3. 獲取第一家商鋪的詳情與在售古籍    if shop_result["shops"]:        first_shop_id = shop_result["shops"][0]["shop_id"]        print(f"\n=== 獲取商鋪【{shop_result['shops'][0]['name']}】詳情 ===")        shop_detail = data_manager.shop_client.get_shop_detail(first_shop_id, goods_count=8)                if shop_detail:            print(f"經(jīng)營范圍:{shop_detail['business_scope']}")            print(f"本月銷量:{shop_detail['month_sales']}單 | 商家地域:{shop_detail['location']}")            print(f"\n在售熱門古籍({len(shop_detail['on_sale_books'])}本):")            for i, book in enumerate(shop_detail["on_sale_books"], 1):                print(f"{i}. {book['title']} | 價(jià)格:¥{book['price']} | 品相:{book['book_condition']}")# 運(yùn)行示例# if __name__ == "__main__":#     ancient_shop_analysis_demo()

四、避坑指南(針對(duì)孔夫子接口特色)


1. 高頻錯(cuò)誤與解決方案(附錯(cuò)誤碼)


錯(cuò)誤現(xiàn)象錯(cuò)誤碼可能原因解決方案
簽名失敗4011. 時(shí)間戳偏差超 5 分鐘;2. 參數(shù)排序錯(cuò)誤;3. appSecret 錯(cuò)誤1. 同步服務(wù)器時(shí)間;2. 確保參數(shù)按 ASCII 升序排序;3. 重新核對(duì) appSecret
調(diào)用頻率超限429QPS 超過 3,或日調(diào)用超 3000 次1. 用_control_qps方法控制間隔;2. 增加緩存(尤其古籍詳情);3. 分時(shí)段調(diào)用
古籍年代篩選無結(jié)果2001. era 參數(shù)格式錯(cuò)誤(如 “清朝” 應(yīng)為 “清代”);2. 無對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)1. 參考平臺(tái)文檔使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)年代值(清代 / 民國 / 明代);2. 放寬品相或價(jià)格限制
圖片 URL 404-接口返回相對(duì)路徑(如 “/books/123.jpg”)使用_complete_img_url方法補(bǔ)全為完整 HTTPS URL
商鋪在售商品為空200goodsCount 參數(shù)超限(最大 20)或商鋪無在售品1. 限制 goodsCount≤20;2. 檢查商鋪是否正常營業(yè)(通過 shop_status 字段)

2. 古籍特色數(shù)據(jù)處理技巧(差異化優(yōu)勢)

  • 年代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化:接口返回的 “era” 可能為 “清”“清代”“清朝”,需統(tǒng)一映射為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值(如 “清”→“清代”),避免數(shù)據(jù)混亂;
  • 品相描述增強(qiáng):將bookCondition編碼與文字描述結(jié)合展示(如 “3 - 九品”),同時(shí)補(bǔ)充業(yè)務(wù)說明(如 “九品:保存完好,略有磨損,無缺頁”);
  • 多卷本處理:古籍常為 “全 X 冊(cè)”,需從description字段提取卷數(shù)信息(如用正則r'全(\d+)冊(cè)'匹配),補(bǔ)充到結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)中;
  • 版本區(qū)分:重點(diǎn)關(guān)注edition字段(如 “乾隆刻本”“民國影印本”),學(xué)術(shù)場景需單獨(dú)存儲(chǔ)版本信息,用于樣本分類。

3. 性能優(yōu)化建議(降低調(diào)用成本)

  • 緩存分層策略:古籍詳情(變動(dòng)少)緩存 24 小時(shí),搜索結(jié)果(可能變動(dòng))緩存 1-6 小時(shí),商鋪信息緩存 12 小時(shí);
  • 增量更新:記錄古籍的fetch_time,下次僅更新publish_time或price有變動(dòng)的商品,減少重復(fù)調(diào)用;
  • 批量請(qǐng)求控制:批量獲取古籍詳情時(shí),除 QPS 控制外,額外增加 0.5 秒間隔,避免觸發(fā)平臺(tái)的 “突發(fā)流量限制”;
  • 字段篩選:若僅需核心字段(如 title、era、price),可在請(qǐng)求參數(shù)中添加fields字段(如fields=title,era,price),減少數(shù)據(jù)傳輸量。

五、合規(guī)與擴(kuò)展建議

  1. 合規(guī)要點(diǎn)
    • 數(shù)據(jù)用途限制:古籍?dāng)?shù)據(jù)僅用于自身業(yè)務(wù)(如學(xué)術(shù)研究、內(nèi)部管理),不得出售或用于惡意競爭;
    • 調(diào)用頻率遵守:嚴(yán)格按 QPS=3、日調(diào)用 3000 次的限制設(shè)計(jì)邏輯,超限會(huì)導(dǎo)致賬號(hào)臨時(shí)封禁;
    • 版權(quán)尊重:接口返回的圖書描述、圖片等內(nèi)容,需標(biāo)注 “來源孔夫子舊書網(wǎng)”,不得篡改或抹去來源信息。
  2. 擴(kuò)展方向
    • 古籍?dāng)?shù)字化存檔:結(jié)合get_book_detail接口獲取的description和images,構(gòu)建古籍?dāng)?shù)字檔案庫;
    • 價(jià)格趨勢分析:基于緩存的歷史價(jià)格數(shù)據(jù),分析古籍(如清代刻本)的價(jià)格波動(dòng)規(guī)律;
    • 多平臺(tái)集成:將孔夫子的古籍?dāng)?shù)據(jù)與其他古籍平臺(tái)(如中華書局?jǐn)?shù)字庫)對(duì)接,補(bǔ)充學(xué)術(shù)樣本。
    • 若在接口對(duì)接中遇到 “古籍年代解析”“品相字段處理”“批量調(diào)用限流” 等具體問題,可在評(píng)論區(qū)說明場景(如 “檢索明代古籍無結(jié)果”),將針對(duì)性分享解決方案 —— 孔夫子接口的核心價(jià)值在于古籍特色數(shù)據(jù),做好專屬字段的處理,才能真正發(fā)揮其業(yè)務(wù)價(jià)值。


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我是一只魚 最后編輯于2025-09-23 13:58:55

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